Bridgman-Stockbarger growth and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of LiY1-xEuxF4 crystals by P. Maslankiewicz, J. Szade, A. Winiarski, and Ph. Daniel

Crystal Research and Technology

Cryst. Res. Technol. 40, 410 (2005) - Abstract -

Bridgman-Stockbarger growth and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of LiY_1-xEu_xF₄ crystals

P. Maslankiewicz, J. Szade, A. Winiarski, and Ph. Daniel*

Department of Solid State Physics, August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40-007 Katowice, Poland
*Laboratoire de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, UMR CNRS No. 6087, Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, F72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France

Keywords	europium-doped lithium yttrium fluoride, Bridgman-Stockbarger growth, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, valence instability of europium
PACS	71.20.Ps, 73.20.At, 75.20.Ck, 81.10.Fq, 82.30.Lp
DOI	10.1002/crat.200410359

LiY_1-xEu_xF₄ (x = 0; 0.1 nominally) crystals were obtained by a modified Bridgman-Stockbarger technique. Europium was found to coexist in the LiYF₄:Eu crystal in two valence states, Eu³⁺ and Eu²⁺, the content of the latter being enhanced in the near-to-surface region. The presence of bulk divalent europium is attributed to a partial reduction of europium during crystal growth. Because of the presence of Eu²⁺, additional electronic states in the electronic gap of LiYF₄ were observed.

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